

What Grades and Achievement Tests Measure " Personality and Individual Differences 51,3 (August 2011): 315-320.

"Identification Problems in Personality Psychology. Using two data sets, we show, that substantial portions of the variance in achievement test scores and grades, which are often used as measures of cognition, are explained by personality variables.īorghans, Lex, Bart H.H. In general, measures are determined by these multiple traits and do not identify any particular trait unless incentives and other traits are controlled for. These behaviors are produced from multiple traits interacting with incentives in situations. The measures used by psychologists to infer traits are based on behaviors, broadly defined. This paper discusses and illustrates identification problems in personality psychology.

Intelligence Tests Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) (see Self-Esteem) Rotter Scale (see Locus of Control) Personality and Individual Differences 51,3 (August 2011): 315-320:Īchievement Armed Forces Qualifications Test (AFQT) Cross-national Analysis I.Q. Identification Problems in Personality Psychology
